A debate essay is organized much the same way as a debate between two speakers. The debate alternates between the proposed and opposing positions. In a debate essay, however, the greatest weight is given to the position being argued. On the other hand, to be effective, the writer must clearly and fairly present the principle arguments and evidence of the opposition.

The example outline here only gives two arguments and two rebuttals each for the proposed position and opposing positions, but more for each can be given. Typically, the strongest argument appears last, and the second strongest argument appears first. Although this sample outline does not indicate as much, supporting evidence should be given for all arguments and rebuttals. They were left off the outline here in the interest of saving space, not as an example of effective argument.

Thesis: Affirmative Position

  1. Supporting Arguments
    1. First Argument
      1. Supporting Evidence
      2. Supporting Evidence
    2. Second Argument
      1. Supporting Evidence
      2. Supporting Evidence
  2. Opposing Arguments
    1. First Argument
    2. Second Argument
  3. Rebuttal of Opposing Arguments
    1. First Rebuttal
    2. Second Rebuttal
  4. Rebuttal of Supporting Arguments and Response
    1. Rebuttal and Response
    2. Rebuttal and Response
  5. Closing Arguments
    1. Second Strongest Argument
    2. Strongest Argument

Thesis

The thesis of a debate is stated as a resolution regarding a course of action or attitude.

Supporting Arguments

The essay begins with the arguments offered in support of the thesis. These arguments must be supported by evidence. One mistake students frequently make is to make assertions without evidence to support the assertions.

The strongest argument in support of the thesis should be saved for last in order to end on a position of strength. The second strongest argument should be given first in order to create a strong first impression. The strongest arguments must be supported with substantial and compelling evidence. Weaker arguments can be presented more briefly.

Opposing Arguments

The essay then presents the principle arguments offered in opposition to the thesis. Again, these arguments must be supported with evidence. While the writer may not accept the arguments offered, he or she must fairly and accurately present the opposing arguments. Sometimes writers are tempted to "soften" the evidence available from the opposing position or only present the opposition's weakest arguments. This is unethical.

Rebuttal of the Opposing Arguments

Once the opposition's arguments have been presented, the writer can offer arguments countering the opposition's arguments. Again, it is important to provide clear and compelling evidence to counter the opposition's arguments.

Rebuttal of the Supporting Arguments and Response

It is important that the writer present the principle arguments of the opposition that rebut the arguments made in support of the thesis and show how these are inadequate, misleading, or misapplied.

Closing Arguments

A debate typically ends after the rebuttal of the supporting arguments. However, in a debate essay, the writer needs to present closing arguments in support of the thesis. These arguments can be a response to the rebuttal of the supporting arguments, a reiteration of the principle arguments in support of the thesis, or a reiteration of the principle arguments rebutting the opposition.

The essay will typically close with a plea for action and an emphasis on the need for taking action in support of the thesis.