Literary Studies
Evan Lewis, the artist who created the sculpture Oceanic Mountainfish, says that sculptures like this
have been called listening machines because we listen while we work, but the sculptures seem also to be listening to some divine song or poem that we can't hear, and then reporting or translating them to us with sounds and motions we can hear. Wing/sound sculptural machines sited in a garden help create a contemplative space where the viewer/user can sit and be, taking in the sights and sounds as a form of salve for the soul . . . .
(Chattanooga State Pub. No. 11-71-65100-17-3/95llw)
However much we may become involved in the world of ideas which surround most discussions of literature, I believe this contemplative attitude which Evan Lewis describes should be our attitude as we study literature. Literature is meant to be heard, to be listened to with the inner ear, to be contemplated, savored by the ear in the same way we savor the taste of our favorite desert--slowly, carefully, deliciously--relishing every sensation.
Literature Online
There are collections of works online. Some are older works in the public domain.
- American Literature Authors Index (includes non-American)
- Bartleby.com Subject list
- Bibliomania
- Classic Reader
- The Online Books Page (University of Pennsylvania)
- Page by Page Books
- Poetry Foundation
- Poets.org
- Project Gutenberg
- VerseDaily Archives
- The Writers' Almanac
Literary Studies Online
- Free E-journals, Literary Associations, & Other Sites (MIT Library)
- Free Online Resources (Haywood Community College)
- Online Courseware: Literature (MIT)
- Online Resources from the British Library
- Open Access Resources: English Literature (Tyndale Libraries)
Interpreting Literature
- Four Kinds of Reading
- Archetypes
- Figures of Speech
- Developing a Thesis for a Literary Analysis Paper
Literary Criticism
- Development of Modern Literary Criticism
- Literary Criticism Theories (chart)
- Changing Views Toward Literature:
From Aristotle to the Present
Writing about Literature
Analyzing Poetry
- Reading & Understanding Poetry
- Questions about Poetry
- Comparing/Contrasting Poems
- Developing Thesis statements (Marvell)
- Poetry Anthology
Sample Essays
- Common Theme: "90 North" and "Dover Beach"
- Common Theme: "Facing It" and "Nov. 22, 1988"
- Analysis of a Single Poem: Fernando Pessoa's "Tobacco Shop"
- Analysis of a Poet's Vision: Angel Gonzalez: Nostalgia and Inevitability
Analyzing Fiction
- Reading & Understanding Short Stories
- Six Stages of the Writing Process Applied to Writing About Short Stories (chart)
- Elements of Fiction
Sample Essays
- Common Theme: "Barbie Doll" by Marge Piercy and "Hominids" by Jill McCorkle
- Tone and Point of View: Mark Helprin's "North Light"
- Setting, Style, and Character: E. L. Doctorow's "The Hunter"
- Symbolism: Sample Sentence Outline for "The Secret Lion" by Alberto Alvaro Rios
- Gender Oppositions: The Oedipus Complex in Women in Love by D. H. Lawrence and To the Lighthouse by Virginia Wolf
- Romance vs. Novel: Narrative Effects, The Sun Also Rises by Ernest Hemingway and The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald
- First Person Interior Monologues: Narrative Distance and Chronology in The Nation Thief by Robert Houston and The Sound and the Fury by William Faulkner